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| | Chyba | | | | | 1) | | | | Cleisthenes, Greek reformer, takes power, increases democracy | | | 507 | | | 322 - 320 | | | 342 | |
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| | | | 2) | | | | Aeschylus, Athenian playwright, wins Athenian Prize | | | 427 | | | 484 | | | 565 | |
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| | | | 3) | | | | The first Messenian war starts. (date disputed by Jerome, Pausanias and Diodorus; this estimate is based on a reading of Diodorus' Spartan king lists and Pausanias' description of the war) | | | 407 | | | 757 | | | 645-560 | |
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| | | | 4) | | | | Pericles, Athenian statesman begins Golden Age, he was taught by Anaxagoras, who believed in dualistic Universe and atoms | | | 476-462 | | | 457 | | | 260 - 253 | |
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| | | | 5) | | | | Ictinus and Callicrates, Greek architects rebuild Acropolis from Persian destruction | | | 448 | | | 457 | | | 507 | |
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| | | | 6) | | | | Pythagoras was born. | | | 432 | | | 429 | | | 569 | |
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| | | | 7) | | | | Archimedes, Greek mathematician, develops screw, specific gravity, center of gravity; anticipates discoveries of integral calculus. | | | 401 | | | 265 | | | 457 | |
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| | | | 8) | | | | Quadruple alliance of Athens, Argos, Mantinea, and Elis confronts Spartan-Boeotian alliance | | | 420 | | | 307 | | | 508 | |
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| | | | 9) | | | | Leucippus, Greek philosopher, believes every natural event has natural cause. Athenian Plague appears in Athens. | | | 170 - 168 | | | 430 | | | 508 | |
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| | | | 10) | | | | Creation of the Achaean League. | | | 569 | | | 281 | | | 457 | |
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| | | | 11) | | | | Office of Archon reduced to 10 years. Members of the ruling family to hold the office starting with Charops. (dating based on Pausanias) | | | 757 | | | 484 | | | 561 | |
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| | | | 12) | | | | Themistocles ostracized | | | 471 | | | 690 | | | 555 | |
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| | | | 13) | | | | Athens capitulates Apr 25 Theramenes secures terms, prevents total destruction of Athens, Theramenes and Alcibiades are killed | | | 757 | | | 281 | | | 404 | |
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| | | | 14) | | | | Gallic invasion of the Balkans. | | | 279 | | | 281 | | | 484 | |
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| | | | 15) | | | | Phormio, Athenian admiral, wins the Battle of Chalcis | | | 429 | | | 405 | | | 479 | |
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| | | | 16) | | | | Alexander conquers Samarkand | | | 329 | | | 430 | | | 484 | |
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| | | | 17) | | | | Empedocles, Greek doctor, believes body has Four Temperaments. | | | 411 | | | 431 | | | 419 | |
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| | | | 18) | | | | Pythagoras died in Crotona, Italy, when he was in Metapontum. | | | 500 | | | 260 - 253 | | | 515 | |
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| | | | 19) | | | | Epicurus founds his philosophic school in Athens. | | | 480 | | | 279 | | | 307 | |
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